# Command reference

:whale:     = Docker compatible

:nerd_face: = nerdctl specific

> [!NOTE]
> - Unlisted `docker` CLI flags are unimplemented yet in `nerdctl` CLI.
>   It does not necessarily mean that the corresponding features are missing in containerd.
> - Some commands and flags are only available on Linux.

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- [Container management](#container-management)
  - [:whale: nerdctl run](#whale-blue_square-nerdctl-run)
  - [:whale: nerdctl exec](#whale-blue_square-nerdctl-exec)
  - [:whale: nerdctl create](#whale-blue_square-nerdctl-create)
  - [:whale: nerdctl cp](#whale-nerdctl-cp)
  - [:whale: nerdctl ps](#whale-blue_square-nerdctl-ps)
  - [:whale: nerdctl inspect](#whale-blue_square-nerdctl-inspect)
  - [:whale: nerdctl logs](#whale-nerdctl-logs)
  - [:whale: nerdctl port](#whale-nerdctl-port)
  - [:whale: nerdctl rm](#whale-nerdctl-rm)
  - [:whale: nerdctl stop](#whale-nerdctl-stop)
  - [:whale: nerdctl start](#whale-nerdctl-start)
  - [:whale: nerdctl restart](#whale-nerdctl-restart)
  - [:whale: nerdctl update](#whale-nerdctl-update)
  - [:whale: nerdctl wait](#whale-nerdctl-wait)
  - [:whale: nerdctl kill](#whale-nerdctl-kill)
  - [:whale: nerdctl pause](#whale-nerdctl-pause)
  - [:whale: nerdctl unpause](#whale-nerdctl-unpause)
  - [:whale: nerdctl rename](#whale-nerdctl-rename)
  - [:whale: nerdctl attach](#whale-nerdctl-attach)
  - [:whale: nerdctl container prune](#whale-nerdctl-container-prune)
  - [:whale: nerdctl diff](#whale-nerdctl-diff)
  - [:whale: nerdctl export](#whale-nerdctl-export)
- [Build](#build)
  - [:whale: nerdctl build](#whale-nerdctl-build)
  - [:whale: nerdctl commit](#whale-nerdctl-commit)
- [Image management](#image-management)
  - [:whale: nerdctl images](#whale-blue_square-nerdctl-images)
  - [:whale: nerdctl pull](#whale-blue_square-nerdctl-pull)
  - [:whale: nerdctl push](#whale-nerdctl-push)
  - [:whale: nerdctl load](#whale-nerdctl-load)
  - [:whale: nerdctl save](#whale-nerdctl-save)
  - [:whale: nerdctl import](#whale-nerdctl-import)
  - [:whale: nerdctl tag](#whale-nerdctl-tag)
  - [:whale: nerdctl rmi](#whale-nerdctl-rmi)
  - [:whale: nerdctl image inspect](#whale-nerdctl-image-inspect)
  - [:whale: nerdctl image history](#whale-nerdctl-image-history)
  - [:whale: nerdctl image prune](#whale-nerdctl-image-prune)
  - [:nerd_face: nerdctl image convert](#nerd_face-nerdctl-image-convert)
  - [:nerd_face: nerdctl image encrypt](#nerd_face-nerdctl-image-encrypt)
  - [:nerd_face: nerdctl image decrypt](#nerd_face-nerdctl-image-decrypt)
- [Checkpoint management](#checkpoint-management)
  - [:whale: nerdctl checkpoint create](#whale-nerdctl-checkpoint-create)
  - [:whale: nerdctl checkpoint list](#whale-nerdctl-checkpoint-list)
  - [:whale: nerdctl checkpoint remove](#whale-nerdctl-checkpoint-remove)
- [Manifest management](#manifest-management)
  - [:whale: nerdctl manifest annotate](#whale-nerdctl-manifest-annotate)
  - [:whale: nerdctl manifest create](#whale-nerdctl-manifest-create)
  - [:whale: nerdctl manifest inspect](#whale-nerdctl-manifest-inspect)
  - [:whale: nerdctl manifest push](#whale-nerdctl-manifest-push)
  - [:whale: nerdctl manifest rm](#whale-nerdctl-manifest-rm)
- [Registry](#registry)
  - [:whale: nerdctl login](#whale-nerdctl-login)
  - [:whale: nerdctl logout](#whale-nerdctl-logout)
- [Network management](#network-management)
  - [:whale: nerdctl network create](#whale-nerdctl-network-create)
  - [:whale: nerdctl network ls](#whale-nerdctl-network-ls)
  - [:whale: nerdctl network inspect](#whale-nerdctl-network-inspect)
  - [:whale: nerdctl network rm](#whale-nerdctl-network-rm)
  - [:whale: nerdctl network prune](#whale-nerdctl-network-prune)
- [Volume management](#volume-management)
  - [:whale: nerdctl volume create](#whale-nerdctl-volume-create)
  - [:whale: nerdctl volume ls](#whale-nerdctl-volume-ls)
  - [:whale: nerdctl volume inspect](#whale-nerdctl-volume-inspect)
  - [:whale: nerdctl volume rm](#whale-nerdctl-volume-rm)
  - [:whale: nerdctl volume prune](#whale-nerdctl-volume-prune)
- [Namespace management](#namespace-management)
  - [:nerd_face: nerdctl namespace create](#nerd_face-blue_square-nerdctl-namespace-create)
  - [:nerd_face: nerdctl namespace inspect](#nerd_face-blue_square-nerdctl-namespace-inspect)
  - [:nerd_face: nerdctl namespace ls](#nerd_face-blue_square-nerdctl-namespace-ls)
  - [:nerd_face: nerdctl namespace remove](#nerd_face-blue_square-nerdctl-namespace-remove)
  - [:nerd_face: nerdctl namespace update](#nerd_face-blue_square-nerdctl-namespace-update)
- [AppArmor profile management](#apparmor-profile-management)
  - [:nerd_face: nerdctl apparmor inspect](#nerd_face-nerdctl-apparmor-inspect)
  - [:nerd_face: nerdctl apparmor load](#nerd_face-nerdctl-apparmor-load)
  - [:nerd_face: nerdctl apparmor ls](#nerd_face-nerdctl-apparmor-ls)
  - [:nerd_face: nerdctl apparmor unload](#nerd_face-nerdctl-apparmor-unload)
- [Builder management](#builder-management)
  - [:whale: nerdctl builder prune](#whale-nerdctl-builder-prune)
  - [:nerd_face: nerdctl builder debug](#nerd_face-nerdctl-builder-debug)
- [System](#system)
  - [:whale: nerdctl events](#whale-nerdctl-events)
  - [:whale: nerdctl info](#whale-nerdctl-info)
  - [:whale: nerdctl version](#whale-nerdctl-version)
  - [:whale: nerdctl system prune](#whale-nerdctl-system-prune)
- [Stats](#stats)
  - [:whale: nerdctl stats](#whale-nerdctl-stats)
  - [:whale: nerdctl top](#whale-nerdctl-top)
- [Shell completion](#shell-completion)
  - [:nerd_face: nerdctl completion bash](#nerd_face-nerdctl-completion-bash)
  - [:nerd_face: nerdctl completion zsh](#nerd_face-nerdctl-completion-zsh)
  - [:nerd_face: nerdctl completion fish](#nerd_face-nerdctl-completion-fish)
  - [:nerd_face: nerdctl completion powershell](#nerd_face-nerdctl-completion-powershell)
- [Compose](#compose)
  - [:whale: nerdctl compose](#whale-nerdctl-compose)
  - [:whale: nerdctl compose up](#whale-nerdctl-compose-up)
  - [:whale: nerdctl compose logs](#whale-nerdctl-compose-logs)
  - [:whale: nerdctl compose build](#whale-nerdctl-compose-build)
  - [:whale: nerdctl compose create](#whale-nerdctl-compose-create)
  - [:whale: nerdctl compose exec](#whale-nerdctl-compose-exec)
  - [:whale: nerdctl compose down](#whale-nerdctl-compose-down)
  - [:whale: nerdctl compose images](#whale-nerdctl-compose-images)
  - [:whale: nerdctl compose start](#whale-nerdctl-compose-start)
  - [:whale: nerdctl compose stop](#whale-nerdctl-compose-stop)
  - [:whale: nerdctl compose port](#whale-nerdctl-compose-port)
  - [:whale: nerdctl compose ps](#whale-nerdctl-compose-ps)
  - [:whale: nerdctl compose pull](#whale-nerdctl-compose-pull)
  - [:whale: nerdctl compose push](#whale-nerdctl-compose-push)
  - [:whale: nerdctl compose pause](#whale-nerdctl-compose-pause)
  - [:whale: nerdctl compose unpause](#whale-nerdctl-compose-unpause)
  - [:whale: nerdctl compose config](#whale-nerdctl-compose-config)
  - [:whale: nerdctl compose cp](#whale-nerdctl-compose-cp)
  - [:whale: nerdctl compose kill](#whale-nerdctl-compose-kill)
  - [:whale: nerdctl compose restart](#whale-nerdctl-compose-restart)
  - [:whale: nerdctl compose rm](#whale-nerdctl-compose-rm)
  - [:whale: nerdctl compose run](#whale-nerdctl-compose-run)
  - [:whale: nerdctl compose top](#whale-nerdctl-compose-top)
  - [:whale: nerdctl compose version](#whale-nerdctl-compose-version)
- [IPFS management](#ipfs-management)
  - [:nerd_face: nerdctl ipfs registry serve](#nerd_face-nerdctl-ipfs-registry-serve)
- [Global flags](#global-flags)
- [Unimplemented Docker commands](#unimplemented-docker-commands)

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## Container management

### :whale: nerdctl run

Run a command in a new container.

Usage: `nerdctl run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]`

:nerd_face: `ipfs://` prefix can be used for `IMAGE` to pull it from IPFS. See [`ipfs.md`](./ipfs.md) for details.
:nerd_face: `oci-archive://` prefix can be used for `IMAGE` to specify a local file system path to an OCI formatted tarball.

Basic flags:

- :whale: `-a, --attach`: Attach STDIN, STDOUT, or STDERR
- :whale: `-i, --interactive`: Keep STDIN open even if not attached"
- :whale: `-t, --tty`: Allocate a pseudo-TTY
  - :warning: WIP: currently `-t` conflicts with `-d`
- :whale: `-sig-proxy`: Proxy received signals to the process (default true)
- :whale: `-d, --detach`: Run container in background and print container ID
- :whale: `--restart=(no|always|on-failure|unless-stopped)`: Restart policy to apply when a container exits
  - Default: "no"
  - always: Always restart the container if it stops.
  - on-failure[:max-retries]: Restart only if the container exits with a non-zero exit status. Optionally, limit the number of times attempts to restart the container using the :max-retries option.
  - unless-stopped: Always restart the container unless it is stopped.
- :whale: `--rm`: Automatically remove the container when it exits
- :whale: `--pull=(always|missing|never)`: Pull image before running
  - Default: "missing"
- :whale: `-q, --quiet`: Suppress the pull output
- :whale: `--pid=(host|container:<container>)`: PID namespace to use
- :whale: `--uts=(host)` : UTS namespace to use
- :whale: `--stop-signal`: Signal to stop a container (default "SIGTERM")
- :whale: `--stop-timeout`: Timeout (in seconds) to stop a container
- :whale: `--detach-keys`: Override the default detach keys

Platform flags:

- :whale: `--platform=(amd64|arm64|...)`: Set platform

Init process flags:

- :whale: `--init`: Run an init inside the container that forwards signals and reaps processes.
- :nerd_face: `--init-binary=<binary-name>`: The custom init binary to use. We suggest you use the [tini](https://github.com/krallin/tini) binary which is used in Docker project to get the same behavior.
  Please make sure the binary exists in your `PATH`.
  - Default: `tini`

Isolation flags:

- :whale: :nerd_face: `--isolation=(default|process|host|hyperv)`: Used on Windows to change process isolation level. `default` will use the runtime options configured in `default_runtime` in the [containerd configuration](https://github.com/containerd/containerd/blob/master/docs/cri/config.md#cri-plugin-config-guide) which is `process` in containerd by default. `process` runs process isolated containers.  `host` runs [Host Process containers](https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/create-hostprocess-pod/).  Host process containers inherit permissions from containerd process unless `--user` is specified then will start with user specified and the user specified must be present on the host.  `host` requires Containerd 1.7+. `hyperv` runs Hyper-V hypervisor partition-based isolated containers. Not implemented for Linux.

Network flags:

- :whale: `--net, --network=(bridge|host|none|container:<container>|ns:<path>|<CNI>)`: Connect a container to a network.
  - Default: "bridge"
  - `container:<name|id>`: reuse another container's network stack, container has to be precreated.
  - :nerd_face: `ns:<path>`: run inside an existing network namespace
  - :nerd_face: Unlike Docker, this flag can be specified multiple times (`--net foo --net bar`)
- :whale: `-p, --publish`: Publish a container's port(s) to the host
- :whale: `--dns`: Set custom DNS servers
- :whale: `--dns-search`: Set custom DNS search domains
- :whale: `--dns-opt, --dns-option`: Set DNS options
- :whale: `-h, --hostname`: Container host name
- :whale: `--domainname`: Container domain name
- :whale: `--add-host`: Add a custom host-to-IP mapping (host:ip). `ip` could be a special string `host-gateway`,
- which will be resolved to the `host-gateway-ip` in nerdctl.toml or global flag.
- :whale: `--ip`: Specific static IP address(es) to use. Note that unlike docker, nerdctl allows specifying it with the default bridge network.
- :whale: `--ip6`: Specific static IP6 address(es) to use. Should be used with user networks
- :whale: `--mac-address`: Specific MAC address to use. Be aware that it does not
  check if manually specified MAC addresses are unique. Supports network
  type `bridge` and `macvlan`

Resource flags:

- :whale: `--cpus`: Number of CPUs
- :whale: `--cpu-quota`: Limit the CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) quota
- :whale: `--cpu-period`: Limit the CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) period
- :whale: `--cpu-shares`: CPU shares (relative weight)
- :whale: `--cpuset-cpus`: CPUs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
- :whale: `--cpuset-mems`: Memory nodes (MEMs) in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1). Only effective on NUMA systems
- :whale: `--cpu-rt-period`: Limit CPU real-time period in microseconds. Only supported with cgroup v1.
- :whale: `--cpu-rt-runtime`: Limit CPU real-time runtime in microseconds. Only supported with cgroup v1.
- :whale: `--memory`: Memory limit
- :whale: `--memory-reservation`: Memory soft limit
- :whale: `--memory-swap`: Swap limit equal to memory plus swap: '-1' to enable unlimited swap
- :whale: `--memory-swappiness`: Tune container memory swappiness (0 to 100) (default -1)
- :whale: `--kernel-memory`: Kernel memory limit (deprecated)
- :whale: `--oom-kill-disable`: Disable OOM Killer
- :whale: `--oom-score-adj`: Tune container’s OOM preferences (-1000 to 1000, rootless: 100 to 1000)
- :whale: `--pids-limit`: Tune container pids limit
- :nerd_face: `--cgroup-conf`: Configure cgroup v2 (key=value)
- :whale: `--blkio-weight`: Block IO (relative weight), between 10 and 1000, or 0 to disable (default 0)
- :whale: `--blkio-weight-device`: Block IO weight (relative device weight)
- :whale: `--device-read-bps`: Limit read rate (bytes per second) from a device
- :whale: `--device-read-iops`: Limit read rate (IO per second) from a device
- :whale: `--device-write-bps`: Limit write rate (bytes per second) to a device
- :whale: `--device-write-iops`: Limit write rate (IO per second) to a device
- :whale: `--cgroupns=(host|private)`: Cgroup namespace to use
  - Default: "private" on cgroup v2 hosts, "host" on cgroup v1 hosts
- :whale: `--cgroup-parent`: Optional parent cgroup for the container
- :whale: `--device`: Add a host device to the container

Intel RDT flags:

- :nerd_face: `--rdt-class=CLASS`: Name of the RDT class (or CLOS) to associate the container wit

User flags:

- :whale: `-u, --user`: Username or UID (format: <name|uid>[:<group|gid>])
- :nerd_face: `--umask`: Set the umask inside the container. Defaults to 0022.
  Corresponds to Podman CLI.
- :whale: `--group-add`: Add additional groups to join
- :whale: `--userns`: Set it to `host` to disable user namespacing set in nerdctl.toml or in cli.


Security flags:

- :whale: `--security-opt seccomp=<PROFILE_JSON_FILE>`: specify custom seccomp profile
- :whale: `--security-opt apparmor=<PROFILE>`: specify custom AppArmor profile
- :whale: `--security-opt no-new-privileges`: disallow privilege escalation, e.g., setuid and file capabilities
- :whale: `--security-opt systempaths=unconfined`: Turn off confinement for system paths (masked paths, read-only paths) for the container
- :whale: `--security-opt writable-cgroups`: making the cgroups writeable
- :nerd_face: `--security-opt privileged-without-host-devices`: Don't pass host devices to privileged containers
- :whale: `--cap-add=<CAP>`: Add Linux capabilities
- :whale: `--cap-drop=<CAP>`: Drop Linux capabilities
- :whale: `--privileged`: Give extended privileges to this container
- :nerd_face: `--systemd=(true|false|always)`: Enable systemd compatibility (default: false).
  - Default: "false"
  - true: Enable systemd compatibility is enabled if the entrypoint executable matches one of the following paths:
    - `/sbin/init`
    - `/usr/sbin/init`
    - `/usr/local/sbin/init`
  - always: Always enable systemd compatibility

Corresponds to Podman CLI.

Runtime flags:

- :whale: `--runtime`: Runtime to use for this container, e.g. \"crun\", or \"io.containerd.runsc.v1\".
- :whale: `--sysctl`: Sysctl options, e.g \"net.ipv4.ip_forward=1\"

Volume flags:

- :whale: `-v, --volume <SRC>:<DST>[:<OPT>]`: Bind mount a volume, e.g., `-v /mnt:/mnt:rro,rprivate`
  - :whale:     option `rw` : Read/Write (when writable)
  - :whale:     option `ro` : Non-recursive read-only
  - :nerd_face: option `rro`: Recursive read-only. Should be used in conjunction with `rprivate`. e.g., `-v /mnt:/mnt:rro,rprivate` makes children such as `/mnt/usb` to be read-only, too.
    Requires kernel >= 5.12, and crun >= 1.4 or runc >= 1.1 (PR [#3272](https://github.com/opencontainers/runc/pull/3272)). With older runc, `rro` just works as `ro`.
  - :whale:     option `shared`, `slave`, `private`: Non-recursive "shared" / "slave" / "private" propagation
  - :whale:     option `rshared`, `rslave`, `rprivate`: Recursive "shared" / "slave" / "private" propagation
  - :nerd_face: option `bind`: Not-recursively bind-mounted
  - :nerd_face: option `rbind`: Recursively bind-mounted
- :whale: `--tmpfs`: Mount a tmpfs directory, e.g. `--tmpfs /tmp:size=64m,exec`.
- :whale: `--mount`: Attach a filesystem mount to the container.
  Consists of multiple key-value pairs, separated by commas and each
  consisting of a `<key>=<value>` tuple.
  e.g., `-- mount type=bind,source=/src,target=/app,bind-propagation=shared`.
  - :whale: `type`: Current supported mount types are `bind`, `volume`, `tmpfs`.
    The default type will be set to `volume` if not specified.
    i.e., `--mount src=vol-1,dst=/app,readonly` equals `--mount type=volume,src=vol-1,dst=/app,readonly`
  - Common Options:
    - :whale: `src`, `source`: Mount source spec for bind and volume. Mandatory for bind.
    - :whale: `dst`, `destination`, `target`: Mount destination spec.
    - :whale: `readonly`, `ro`, `rw`, `rro`: Filesystem permissions.
  - Options specific to `bind`:
    - :whale: `bind-propagation`: `shared`, `slave`, `private`, `rshared`, `rslave`, or `rprivate`(default).
    - :whale: `bind-nonrecursive`: `true` or `false`(default). If set to true, submounts are not recursively bind-mounted. This option is useful for readonly bind mount.
    - unimplemented options: `consistency`
  - Options specific to `tmpfs`:
    - :whale: `tmpfs-size`: Size of the tmpfs mount in bytes. Unlimited by default.
    - :whale: `tmpfs-mode`: File mode of the tmpfs in **octal**.
      Defaults to `1777` or world-writable.
  - Options specific to `volume`:
    - unimplemented options: `volume-nocopy`, `volume-label`, `volume-driver`, `volume-opt`
- :whale: `--volumes-from`: Mount volumes from the specified container(s), e.g. "--volumes-from my-container".

Rootfs flags:

- :whale: `--read-only`: Mount the container's root filesystem as read only
- :nerd_face: `--rootfs`: The first argument is not an image but the rootfs to the exploded container.
  Corresponds to Podman CLI.

Env flags:

- :whale: `--entrypoint`: Overwrite the default ENTRYPOINT of the image
- :whale: `-w, --workdir`: Working directory inside the container
- :whale: `-e, --env`: Set environment variables
- :whale: `--env-file`: Set environment variables from file

Metadata flags:

- :whale: `--name`: Assign a name to the container
- :whale: `-l, --label`: Set meta data on a container (Not passed through the OCI runtime since nerdctl v2.0, with an exception for `nerdctl/bypass4netns`)
- :whale: `--label-file`: Read in a line delimited file of labels
- :whale: `--annotation`: Add an annotation to the container (passed through to the OCI runtime)
- :whale: `--cidfile`: Write the container ID to the file
- :nerd_face: `--pidfile`: file path to write the task's pid. The CLI syntax conforms to Podman convention.

Health check flags:

- :whale: `--health-cmd`: Command to run to check container health
- :whale: `--health-interval`: Time between running the check (e.g., 30s, 1m)
- :whale: `--health-timeout`: Time to wait before considering the check failed (e.g., 5s)
- :whale: `--health-retries`: Number of failures before container is considered unhealthy
- :whale: `--health-start-period`: Start period for the container to initialize before starting health-retries countdown
- :whale: `--health-start-interval`: Interval between checks during the start period
- :whale: `--no-healthcheck`: Disable any health checks defined by image or CLI

Logging flags:

- :whale: `--log-driver=(json-file|journald|fluentd|syslog|none)`: Logging driver for the container (default `json-file`).
  - :whale: `--log-driver=json-file`: The logs are formatted as JSON. The default logging driver for nerdctl.
    - The `json-file` logging driver supports the following logging options:
      - :whale: `--log-opt=max-size=<MAX-SIZE>`: The maximum size of the log before it is rolled. A positive integer plus a modifier representing the unit of measure (k, m, or g). Defaults to unlimited.
      - :whale: `--log-opt=max-file=<MAX-FILE>`: The maximum number of log files that can be present. If rolling the logs creates excess files, the oldest file is removed. Only effective when `max-size` is also set. A positive integer. Defaults to 1.
      - :nerd_face: `--log-opt=log-path=<LOG-PATH>`: The log path where the logs are written. The path will be created if it does not exist. If the log file exists, the old file will be renamed to `<LOG-PATH>.1`.
        - Default: `<data-root>/<containerd-socket-hash>/<namespace>/<container-id>/<container-id>-json.log`
        - Example: `/var/lib/nerdctl/1935db59/containers/default/<container-id>/<container-id>-json.log`
      - :whale: `--log-opt labels=production_status,geo`: A comma-separated list of logging-related labels this daemon accepts.
      - :whale: `--log-opt env=os,customer`: A comma-separated list of logging-related environment variables this daemon accepts.
  - :whale: `--log-driver=journald`: Writes log messages to `journald`. The `journald` daemon must be running on the host machine.
    - :whale: `--log-opt=tag=<TEMPLATE>`: Specify template to set `SYSLOG_IDENTIFIER` value in journald logs.
    - :whale: `--log-opt labels=production_status,geo`: A comma-separated list of logging-related labels this daemon accepts.
    - :whale: `--log-opt env=os,customer`: A comma-separated list of logging-related environment variables this daemon accepts.
  - :whale: `--log-driver=fluentd`: Writes log messages to `fluentd`. The `fluentd` daemon must be running on the host machine.
    - The `fluentd` logging driver supports the following logging options:
      - :whale: `--log-opt=fluentd-address=<ADDRESS>`: The address of the `fluentd` daemon, tcp(default) and unix sockets are supported..
      - :whale: `--log-opt=fluentd-async=<true|false>`: Enable async mode for fluentd. The default value is false.
      - :whale: `--log-opt=fluentd-buffer-limit=<LIMIT>`: The buffer limit for fluentd. If the buffer is full, the call to record logs will fail. The default is 8192. (<https://github.com/fluent/fluent-logger-golang/tree/master#bufferlimit>)
      - :whale: `--log-opt=fluentd-retry-wait=<1s|1ms>`: The time to wait before retrying to send logs to fluentd. The default value is 1s.
      - :whale: `--log-opt=fluentd-max-retries=<1>`: The maximum number of retries to send logs to fluentd. The default value is MaxInt32.
      - :whale: `--log-opt=fluentd-sub-second-precision=<true|false>`: Enable sub-second precision for fluentd. The default value is false.
      - :nerd_face: `--log-opt=fluentd-async-reconnect-interval=<1s|1ms>`: The time to wait before retrying to reconnect to fluentd. The default value is 0s.
      - :nerd_face: `--log-opt=fluentd-request-ack=<true|false>`: Enable request ack for fluentd. The default value is false.
  - :whale: `--log-driver=syslog`: Writes log messages to `syslog`. The
      `syslog` daemon must be running on either the host machine or remote.
    - The `syslog` logging driver supports the following logging options:
      - :whale: `--log-opt=syslog-address=<ADDRESS>`: The address of an
          external `syslog` server. The URI specifier may be
          `tcp|udp|tcp+tls]://host:port`, `unix://path`, or `unixgram://path`.
          If the transport is `tcp`, `udp`, or `tcp+tls`, the default port is
          `514`.
      - :whale: `--log-opt=syslog-facility=<FACILITY>`: The `syslog` facility to
          use. Can be the number or name for any valid syslog facility. See the
          [syslog documentation](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5424#section-6.2.1).
      - :whale: `--log-opt=syslog-tls-ca-cert=<VALUE>`: The absolute path to
          the trust certificates signed by the CA. **Ignored if the address
          protocol is not `tcp+tls`**.
      - :whale: `--log-opt=syslog-tls-cert=<VALUE>`: The absolute path to
          the TLS certificate file. **Ignored if the address protocol is not
          `tcp+tls`**.
      - :whale: `--log-opt=syslog-tls-key=<VALUE>`:The absolute path to
          the TLS key file. **Ignored if the address protocol is not `tcp+tls`**.
      - :whale: `--log-opt=syslog-tls-skip-verify=<VALUE>`: If set to `true`,
          TLS verification is skipped when connecting to the daemon.
          **Ignored if the address protocol is not `tcp+tls`**.
      - :whale: `--log-opt=syslog-format=<VALUE>`: The `syslog` message format
          to use. If not specified the local UNIX syslog format is used,
          without a specified hostname. Specify `rfc3164` for the RFC-3164
          compatible format, `rfc5424` for RFC-5424 compatible format, or
          `rfc5424micro` for RFC-5424 compatible format with microsecond
          timestamp resolution.
      - :whale: `--log-opt=tag=<VALUE>`: A string that is appended to the
          `APP-NAME` in the `syslog` message. By default, nerdctl uses the first
          12 characters of the container ID to tag log messages.
  - :whale:  `--log-driver=none`: Disables logging for the container, preventing log output from being collected.
  - :nerd_face: Accepts a LogURI which is a containerd shim logger. A scheme must be specified for the URI. Example: `nerdctl run -d --log-driver binary:///usr/bin/ctr-journald-shim docker.io/library/hello-world:latest`. An implementation of shim logger can be found at (<https://github.com/containerd/containerd/tree/dbef1d56d7ebc05bc4553d72c419ed5ce025b05d/runtime/v2#logging>)

Shared memory flags:

- :whale: `--ipc=(host|private|shareable|container:<container>)`: IPC namespace to use and mount `/dev/shm`. Default: "private". Only implemented on Linux.
- :whale: `--shm-size`: Size of `/dev/shm`

GPU flags:

- :whale: `--gpus`: GPU devices to add to the container ('all' to pass all GPUs). Please see also [`./gpu.md`](./gpu.md) for details.

Ulimit flags:

- :whale: `--ulimit`: Set ulimit

--ulimit can be used to restrict the following types of resources.

| type       |  describe| value range                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
|----|----|----|
| core       | limits the core file size (KB)| A 64-bit integer (INT64), with no units. It can be 0, negative, where -1 represents UNLIMITED (i.e., no limit is applied), and any other negative values will be forcibly converted to a large positive integer.|
| cpu        | max CPU time (MIN)| same as above|
| data       |max data size (KB) | same as above|
| fsize      | maximum filesize (KB)| same as above|
| locks      | max number of file locks the user can hold | same as above|
| memlock    | max locked-in-memory address space (KB) | same as above|
| msgqueue   | max memory used by POSIX message queues (bytes)| same as above|
| nice       | nice priority | same as above |
| nproc      | max number of processes | same as above|
| rss        | max resident set size (KB)| same as above|
| rtprio     | max realtime priority| same as above|
| rttime     | realtime timeout | same as above|
| sigpending | max number of pending signals| same as above|
| stack      | max stack size (KB) | same as above|
| nofile    | max number of open file descriptors| A 64-bit integer (int64), with no units. It cannot be negative; negative values will be forcibly converted to a large number, and an "Operation not permitted" error will occur during setting|

Verify flags:

- :nerd_face: `--verify`: Verify the image (none|cosign|notation). See [`./cosign.md`](./cosign.md) and [`./notation.md`](./notation.md) for details.
- :nerd_face: `--cosign-key`: Path to the public key file, KMS, URI or Kubernetes Secret for `--verify=cosign`
- :nerd_face: `--cosign-certificate-identity`: The identity expected in a valid Fulcio certificate for --verify=cosign. Valid values include email address, DNS names, IP addresses, and URIs. Either --cosign-certificate-identity or --cosign-certificate-identity-regexp must be set for keyless flows
- :nerd_face: `--cosign-certificate-identity-regexp`: A regular expression alternative to --cosign-certificate-identity for --verify=cosign. Accepts the Go regular expression syntax described at https://golang.org/s/re2syntax. Either --cosign-certificate-identity or --cosign-certificate-identity-regexp must be set for keyless flows
- :nerd_face: `--cosign-certificate-oidc-issuer`: The OIDC issuer expected in a valid Fulcio certificate for --verify=cosign,, e.g. https://token.actions.githubusercontent.com or https://oauth2.sigstore.dev/auth. Either --cosign-certificate-oidc-issuer or --cosign-certificate-oidc-issuer-regexp must be set for keyless flows
- :nerd_face: `--cosign-certificate-oidc-issuer-regexp`: A regular expression alternative to --certificate-oidc-issuer for --verify=cosign,. Accepts the Go regular expression syntax described at https://golang.org/s/re2syntax. Either --cosign-certificate-oidc-issuer or --cosign-certificate-oidc-issuer-regexp must be set for keyless flows

IPFS flags:

- :nerd_face: `--ipfs-address`: Multiaddr of IPFS API (default uses `$IPFS_PATH` env variable if defined or local directory `~/.ipfs`)

Unimplemented `docker run` flags:
    `--device-cgroup-rule`, `--disable-content-trust`, `--expose`, `--isolation`,
    `--link*`, `--publish-all`, `--storage-opt`, `--volume-driver`

### :whale: nerdctl exec

Run a command in a running container.

Usage: `nerdctl exec [OPTIONS] CONTAINER COMMAND [ARG...]`

Flags:

- :whale: `-i, --interactive`: Keep STDIN open even if not attached
- :whale: `-t, --tty`: Allocate a pseudo-TTY
  - :warning: WIP: currently `-t` conflicts with `-d`
- :whale: `-d, --detach`: Detached mode: run command in the background
- :whale: `-w, --workdir`: Working directory inside the container
- :whale: `-e, --env`: Set environment variables
- :whale: `--env-file`: Set environment variables from file
- :whale: `--privileged`: Give extended privileges to the command
- :whale: `-u, --user`: Username or UID (format: <name|uid>[:<group|gid>])

Unimplemented `docker exec` flags: `--detach-keys`

### :whale: nerdctl create

Create a new container.

Usage: `nerdctl create [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]`

:nerd_face: `ipfs://` prefix can be used for `IMAGE` to pull it from IPFS. See [`ipfs.md`](./ipfs.md) for details.
:nerd_face: `oci-archive://` prefix can be used for `IMAGE` to specify a local file system path to an OCI formatted tarball.

The `nerdctl create` command similar to `nerdctl run -d` except the container is never started. You can then use the `nerdctl start <container_id>` command to start the container at any point.

### :whale: nerdctl cp

Copy files/folders between a running container and the local filesystem

Usage:

- `nerdctl cp [OPTIONS] CONTAINER:SRC_PATH DEST_PATH|-`
- `nerdctl cp [OPTIONS] SRC_PATH|- CONTAINER:DEST_PATH`

:warning: `nerdctl cp` is designed only for use with trusted, cooperating containers.
Using `nerdctl cp` with untrusted or malicious containers is unsupported and may not provide protection against unexpected behavior.

Flags:

- :whale: `-L, --follow-link` Always follow symbol link in SRC_PATH.

Unimplemented `docker cp` flags: `--archive`

### :whale: nerdctl ps

List containers.

Usage: `nerdctl ps [OPTIONS]`

Flags:

- :whale: `-a, --all`: Show all containers (default shows just running)
- :whale: `--no-trunc`: Don't truncate output
- :whale: `-q, --quiet`: Only display container IDs
- :whale: `-s, --size`: Display total file sizes
- :whale: `--format`: Format the output using the given Go template
  - :whale: `--format=table` (default): Table
  - :whale: `--format='{{json .}}'`: JSON
  - :nerd_face: `--format=wide`: Wide table
  - :nerd_face: `--format=json`: Alias of `--format='{{json .}}'`
- :whale: `-n, --last`: Show n last created containers (includes all states)
- :whale: `-l, --latest`: Show the latest created container (includes all states)
- :whale: `-f, --filter`: Filter containers based on given conditions. When specifying the condition 'status', it filters all containers
  - :whale: `--filter id=<value>`: Container's ID. Both full ID and
    truncated ID are supported
  - :whale: `--filter name=<value>`: Container's name
  - :whale: `--filter label=<key>=<value>`: Arbitrary string either a key or a
    key-value pair
  - :whale: `--filter exited=<value>`: Container's exit code. Only work with
    `--all`
  - :whale: `--filter status=<value>`: One of `created, running, paused,
    stopped, exited, pausing, unknown`. Note that `restarting, removing, dead` are
    not supported and will be ignored. When specifying this condition, it filters all containers.
  - :whale: `--filter before/since=<ID/name>`: Filter containers created before
    or after a given ID or name
  - :whale: `--filter volume=<value>`: Filter by a given mounted volume or bind
    mount
  - :whale: `--filter network=<value>`: Filter by a given network

Following arguments for `--filter` are not supported yet:

1. `--filter ancestor=<value>`
2. `--filter publish/expose=<port/startport-endport>[/<proto>]`
3. `--filter health=<value>`
4. `--filter isolation=<value>`
5. `--filter is-task=<value>`

### :whale: nerdctl inspect

Display detailed information on one or more containers.

Usage: `nerdctl inspect [OPTIONS] NAME|ID [NAME|ID...]`

Flags:

- :nerd_face: `--mode=(dockercompat|native)`: Inspection mode. "native" produces more information.
- :whale: `--format`: Format the output using the given Go template, e.g, `{{json .}}`
- :whale: `--type`: Return JSON for specified type
- :whale: `--size`: Display total file sizes if the type is container

### :whale: nerdctl logs

Fetch the logs of a container.

:warning: Currently, only containers created with `nerdctl run -d` are supported.

Usage: `nerdctl logs [OPTIONS] CONTAINER`

Flags:

- :whale: `--details`: Show extra details provided to logs
- :whale: `-f, --follow`: Follow log output
- :whale: `--since`: Show logs since timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37Z) or relative (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes)
- :whale: `--until`: Show logs before a timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37Z) or relative (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes)
- :whale: `-t, --timestamps`: Show timestamps
- :whale: `-n, --tail`: Number of lines to show from the end of the logs (default "all")

### :whale: nerdctl port

List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container.

Usage: `nerdctl port CONTAINER [PRIVATE_PORT[/PROTO]]`

### :whale: nerdctl rm

Remove one or more containers.

Usage: `nerdctl rm [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]`

Flags:

- :whale: `-f, --force`: Force the removal of a running|paused|unknown container (uses SIGKILL)
- :whale: `-v, --volumes`: Remove anonymous volumes associated with the container

Unimplemented `docker rm` flags: `--link`

### :whale: nerdctl stop

Stop one or more running containers.

Usage: `nerdctl stop [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]`

Flags:

- :whale: `-t, --time=SECONDS`: Seconds to wait for stop before killing it (default "10")
  - Tips: If the init process in container is exited after receiving SIGTERM or exited before the time you specified, the container will be exited immediately
- :whale: `-s, --signal=SIGNAL`: Signal to send to the container (e.g. SIGINT).

### :whale: nerdctl start

Start one or more running containers.

Usage: `nerdctl start [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]`

Flags:

- :whale: `-a, --attach`: Attach STDOUT/STDERR and forward signals
- :whale: `--detach-keys`: Override the default detach keys
- :whale: `--checkpoint`: checkpoint name
- :whale: `--detach-keys`: checkpoint directory

Unimplemented `docker start` flags: `--interactive`

### :whale: nerdctl restart

Restart one or more running containers.

Usage: `nerdctl restart [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]`

Flags:

- :whale: `-t, --time=SECONDS`: Seconds to wait for stop before killing it (default "10")
  - Tips: If the init process in container is exited after receiving SIGTERM or exited before the time you specified, the container will be exited immediately
- :whale: `-s, --signal=SIGNAL`: Signal to send to the container (e.g. SIGINT).

### :whale: nerdctl update

Update configuration of one or more containers.

Usage: `nerdctl update [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]`

- :whale: `--cpus`: Number of CPUs
- :whale: `--cpu-quota`: Limit the CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) quota
- :whale: `--cpu-period`: Limit the CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) period
- :whale: `--cpu-shares`: CPU shares (relative weight)
- :whale: `--cpuset-cpus`: CPUs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
- :whale: `--cpuset-mems`: Memory nodes (MEMs) in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1). Only effective on NUMA systems
- :whale: `--memory`: Memory limit
- :whale: `--memory-reservation`: Memory soft limit
- :whale: `--memory-swap`: Swap limit equal to memory plus swap: '-1' to enable unlimited swap
- :whale: `--kernel-memory`: Kernel memory limit (deprecated)
- :whale: `--pids-limit`: Tune container pids limit
- :whale: `--blkio-weight`: Block IO (relative weight), between 10 and 1000, or 0 to disable (default 0)
- :whale: `--restart=(no|always|on-failure|unless-stopped)`: Restart policy to apply when a container exits

### :whale: nerdctl wait

Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes.

Usage: `nerdctl wait CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]`

### :whale: nerdctl kill

Kill one or more running containers.

Usage: `nerdctl kill [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]`

Flags:

- :whale: `-s, --signal`: Signal to send to the container (default: "KILL")

### :whale: nerdctl pause

Pause all processes within one or more containers.

Usage: `nerdctl pause CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]`

### :whale: nerdctl unpause

Unpause all processes within one or more containers.

Usage: `nerdctl unpause CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]`

### :whale: nerdctl rename

Rename a container.

Usage: `nerdctl rename CONTAINER NEW_NAME`

### :whale: nerdctl attach

Attach stdin, stdout, and stderr to a running container. For example:

1. `nerdctl run -it --name test busybox` to start a container with a pty
2. `ctrl-p ctrl-q` to detach from the container
3. `nerdctl attach test` to attach to the container

Caveats:

- Currently only one attach session is allowed. When the second session tries to attach, currently no error will be returned from nerdctl.
  However, since behind the scenes, there's only one FIFO for stdin, stdout, and stderr respectively,
  if there are multiple sessions, all the sessions will be reading from and writing to the same 3 FIFOs, which will result in mixed input and partial output.
- Until dual logging (issue #1946) is implemented,
  a container that is spun up by either `nerdctl run -d` or `nerdctl start` (without `--attach`) cannot be attached to.

Usage: `nerdctl attach CONTAINER`

Flags:

- :whale: `--detach-keys`: Override the default detach keys
- :whale: `--no-stdin`: Do not attach STDIN

Unimplemented `docker attach` flags: `--sig-proxy`

### :whale: nerdctl container prune

Remove all stopped containers.

Usage: `nerdctl container prune [OPTIONS]`

Flags:

- :whale: `-f, --force`: Do not prompt for confirmation.

Unimplemented `docker container prune` flags: `--filter`

### :whale: nerdctl diff

Inspect changes to files or directories on a container's filesystem

Usage: `nerdctl diff CONTAINER`

### :whale: nerdctl export

Export a containers filesystem as a tar archive.

Usage: `nerdctl export CONTAINER`

## Build

### :whale: nerdctl build

Build an image from a Dockerfile.

:information_source: Needs buildkitd to be running. See also [the document about setting up `nerdctl build` with BuildKit](./build.md).

Usage: `nerdctl build [OPTIONS] PATH`

Flags:

- :nerd_face: `--buildkit-host=<BUILDKIT_HOST>`: BuildKit address
- :whale: `-t, --tag`: Name and optionally a tag in the 'name:tag' format
- :whale: `-f, --file`: Name of the Dockerfile
- :whale: `--target`: Set the target build stage to build
- :whale: `--build-arg`: Set build-time variables
- :whale: `--no-cache`: Do not use cache when building the image
- :whale: `--output=OUTPUT`: Output destination (format: type=local,dest=path)
  - :whale: `type=local,dest=path/to/output-dir`: Local directory
  - :whale: `type=oci[,dest=path/to/output.tar]`: Docker/OCI dual-format tar ball (compatible with `docker buildx build`)
  - :whale: `type=docker[,dest=path/to/output.tar]`: Docker format tar ball (compatible with `docker buildx build`)
  - :whale: `type=tar[,dest=path/to/output.tar]`: Raw tar ball
  - :whale: `type=image,name=example.com/image,push=true`: Push to a registry (see [`buildctl build`](https://github.com/moby/buildkit/tree/v0.9.0#imageregistry) documentation)
- :whale: `--progress=(auto|plain|tty)`: Set type of progress output (auto, plain, tty). Use plain to show container output
- :whale: `--provenance`: Shorthand for \"--attest=type=provenance\", see [`buildx_build.md`](https://github.com/docker/buildx/blob/v0.12.1/docs/reference/buildx_build.md#provenance) documentation
- :whale: `--pull=(true|false)`: On true, always attempt to pull latest image version from remote. Default uses buildkit's default.
- :whale: `--secret`: Secret file to expose to the build: id=mysecret,src=/local/secret
- :whale: `--allow`: Allow extra privileged entitlement, e.g. network.host, security.insecure  (It’s required to configure the buildkitd to enable the feature, see [`buildkitd.toml`](https://github.com/moby/buildkit/blob/master/docs/buildkitd.toml.md) documentation)
- :whale: `--attest`: Attestation parameters (format: "type=sbom,generator=image"), see [`buildx_build.md`](https://github.com/docker/buildx/blob/v0.12.1/docs/reference/buildx_build.md#attest) documentation
- :whale: `--ssh`: SSH agent socket or keys to expose to the build (format: `default|<id>[=<socket>|<key>[,<key>]]`)
- :whale: `-q, --quiet`: Suppress the build output and print image ID on success
- :whale: `--sbom`: Shorthand for \"--attest=type=sbom\", see [`buildx_build.md`](https://github.com/docker/buildx/blob/v0.12.1/docs/reference/buildx_build.md#sbom) documentation
- :whale: `--cache-from=CACHE`: External cache sources (eg. user/app:cache, type=local,src=path/to/dir) (compatible with `docker buildx build`)
- :whale: `--cache-to=CACHE`: Cache export destinations (eg. user/app:cache, type=local,dest=path/to/dir) (compatible with `docker buildx build`)
- :whale: `--platform=(amd64|arm64|...)`: Set target platform for build (compatible with `docker buildx build`)
- :whale: `--iidfile=FILE`: Write the image ID to the file
- :nerd_face: `--ipfs`: Build image with pulling base images from IPFS. See [`ipfs.md`](./ipfs.md) for details.
- :whale: `--label`: Set metadata for an image
- :whale: `--network=(default|host|none)`: Set the networking mode for the RUN instructions during build.(compatible with `buildctl build`)
- :whale: `--build-context`: Set additional contexts for build (e.g. dir2=/path/to/dir2, myorg/myapp=docker-image://path/to/myorg/myapp)
- :whale: `--add-host`: Add a custom host-to-IP mapping (format: `host:ip`)

Unimplemented `docker build` flags: `--squash`

### :whale: nerdctl commit

Create a new image from a container's changes

Usage: `nerdctl commit [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]`

Flags:

- :whale: `-a, --author`: Author (e.g., "nerdctl contributor <nerdctl-dev@example.com>")
- :whale: `-m, --message`: Commit message
- :whale: `-c, --change`: Apply Dockerfile instruction to the created image (supported directives: [CMD, ENTRYPOINT])
- :whale: `-p, --pause`: Pause container during commit (default: true)
- :nerd_face: `--compression`: Commit compression algorithm (supported values: zstd or gzip) (default: gzip) (zstd is generally better for compression ratio but might not be as widely supported)
- :nerd_face: `--format`: Format of the committed image (supported values: docker or oci) (default: docker) (docker uses Docker Schema2 media types for compatibility, oci uses OCI image format media types)
- :nerd_face: `--estargz`: Convert the committed layer to eStargz for lazy pulling
- :nerd_face: `--estargz-compression-level`: eStargz compression level (1-9) (default: 9)
- :nerd_face: `--estargz-chunk-size`: eStargz chunk size
- :nerd_face: `--estargz-min-chunk-size`: The minimal number of bytes of data must be written in one gzip stream
- :nerd_face: `--zstdchunked`: Convert the committed layer to zstd:chunked for lazy pulling
support zstdchunked convert
- :nerd_face: `--zstdchunked-compression-level`: zstd:chunked compression level (default: 3)
- :nerd_face: `--zstdchunked-chunk-size`: zstd:chunked chunk size

## Image management

### :whale: nerdctl images

List images

:warning: The image ID is usually different from Docker image ID.

Usage: `nerdctl images [OPTIONS] [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]`

Flags:

- :whale: `-a, --all`: Show all images (unimplemented)
- :whale: `-q, --quiet`: Only show numeric IDs
- :whale: `--no-trunc`: Don't truncate output
- :whale: `--format`: Format the output using the given Go template
  - :whale: `--format=table` (default): Table
  - :whale: `--format='{{json .}}'`: JSON
  - :nerd_face: `--format=wide`: Wide table
  - :nerd_face: `--format=json`: Alias of `--format='{{json .}}'`
- :whale: `--digests`: Show digests (compatible with Docker, unlike ID)
- :whale: `-f, --filter`: Filter the images.
  - :whale: `--filter=before=<image:tag>`: Images created before given image (exclusive)
  - :whale: `--filter=since=<image:tag>`: Images created after given image (exclusive)
  - :whale: `--filter=label<key>=<value>`: Matches images based on the presence of a label alone or a label and a value
  - :whale: `--filter=dangling=true`: Filter images by dangling
  - :nerd_face: `--filter=reference=<image:tag>`: Filter images by reference (Matches both docker compatible wildcard pattern and regexp match)
- :nerd_face: `--names`: Show image names

### :whale: nerdctl pull

Pull an image from a registry.

Usage: `nerdctl pull [OPTIONS] NAME[:TAG|@DIGEST]`

:nerd_face: `ipfs://` prefix can be used for `NAME` to pull it from IPFS. See [`ipfs.md`](./ipfs.md) for details.

Flags:

- :whale: `--platform=(amd64|arm64|...)`: Pull content for a specific platform
  - :nerd_face: Unlike Docker, this flag can be specified multiple times (`--platform=amd64 --platform=arm64`)
- :nerd_face: `--all-platforms`: Pull content for all platforms
- :nerd_face: `--unpack`: Unpack the image for the current single platform (auto/true/false)
- :whale: `-q, --quiet`: Suppress verbose output
- :nerd_face: `--verify`: Verify the image (none|cosign|notation). See [`./cosign.md`](./cosign.md) and [`./notation.md`](./notation.md) for details.
- :nerd_face: `--cosign-key`: Path to the public key file, KMS, URI or Kubernetes Secret for `--verify=cosign`
- :nerd_face: `--cosign-certificate-identity`: The identity expected in a valid Fulcio certificate for --verify=cosign. Valid values include email address, DNS names, IP addresses, and URIs. Either --cosign-certificate-identity or --cosign-certificate-identity-regexp must be set for keyless flows
- :nerd_face: `--cosign-certificate-identity-regexp`: A regular expression alternative to --cosign-certificate-identity for --verify=cosign. Accepts the Go regular expression syntax described at https://golang.org/s/re2syntax. Either --cosign-certificate-identity or --cosign-certificate-identity-regexp must be set for keyless flows
- :nerd_face: `--cosign-certificate-oidc-issuer`: The OIDC issuer expected in a valid Fulcio certificate for --verify=cosign,, e.g. https://token.actions.githubusercontent.com or https://oauth2.sigstore.dev/auth. Either --cosign-certificate-oidc-issuer or --cosign-certificate-oidc-issuer-regexp must be set for keyless flows
- :nerd_face: `--cosign-certificate-oidc-issuer-regexp`: A regular expression alternative to --certificate-oidc-issuer for --verify=cosign,. Accepts the Go regular expression syntax described at https://golang.org/s/re2syntax. Either --cosign-certificate-oidc-issuer or --cosign-certificate-oidc-issuer-regexp must be set for keyless flows
- :nerd_face: `--ipfs-address`: Multiaddr of IPFS API (default uses `$IPFS_PATH` env variable if defined or local directory `~/.ipfs`)
- :nerd_face: `--soci-index-digest`: Specify a particular index digest for SOCI. If left empty, SOCI will automatically use the index determined by the selection policy.

Unimplemented `docker pull` flags: `--all-tags`, `--disable-content-trust` (default true)

### :whale: nerdctl push

Push an image to a registry.

Usage: `nerdctl push [OPTIONS] NAME[:TAG]`

:nerd_face: `ipfs://` prefix can be used for `NAME` to push it to IPFS. See [`ipfs.md`](./ipfs.md) for details.

Flags:

- :nerd_face: `--platform=(amd64|arm64|...)`: Push content for a specific platform
- :nerd_face: `--all-platforms`: Push content for all platforms
- :nerd_face: `--sign`: Sign the image (none|cosign|notation). See [`./cosign.md`](./cosign.md) and [`./notation.md`](./notation.md) for details.
- :nerd_face: `--cosign-key`: Path to the private key file, KMS, URI or Kubernetes Secret for `--sign=cosign`
- :nerd_face: `--notation-key-name`: Signing key name for a key previously added to notation's key list for `--sign=notation`
- :nerd_face: `--allow-nondistributable-artifacts`: Allow pushing images with non-distributable blobs
- :nerd_face: `--ipfs-address`: Multiaddr of IPFS API (default uses `$IPFS_PATH` env variable if defined or local directory `~/.ipfs`)
- :whale: `-q, --quiet`: Suppress verbose output
- :nerd_face: `--soci-span-size`: Span size in bytes that soci index uses to segment layer data. Default is 4 MiB.
- :nerd_face: `--soci-min-layer-size`: Minimum layer size in bytes to build zTOC for. Smaller layers won't have zTOC and not lazy pulled. Default is 10 MiB.

Unimplemented `docker push` flags: `--all-tags`, `--disable-content-trust` (default true)

### :whale: nerdctl load

Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN.

:nerd_face: Supports both Docker Image Spec v1.2 and OCI Image Spec v1.0.

Usage: `nerdctl load [OPTIONS]`

Flags:

- :whale: `-i, --input`: Read from tar archive file, instead of STDIN
- :whale: `-q, --quiet`: Suppress the load output
- :nerd_face: `--platform=(amd64|arm64|...)`: Import content for a specific platform
- :nerd_face: `--all-platforms`: Import content for all platforms

### :whale: nerdctl save

Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)

:nerd_face: The archive implements both Docker Image Spec v1.2 and OCI Image Spec v1.0.

Usage: `nerdctl save [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE...]`

Flags:

- :whale: `-o, --output`: Write to a file, instead of STDOUT
- :nerd_face: `--platform=(amd64|arm64|...)`: Export content for a specific platform
- :nerd_face: `--all-platforms`: Export content for all platforms

### :whale: nerdctl import

Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image.

Usage: `nerdctl import [OPTIONS] file|URL|- [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]`

Flags:

- :whale: `-m, --message`: Set commit message for imported image
- :nerd_face: `--platform=(linux/amd64|linux/arm64|...)`: Set platform for the imported image

Unimplemented `docker import` flags: `--change`

### :whale: nerdctl tag

Create a tag TARGET\_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE\_IMAGE.

Usage: `nerdctl tag SOURCE_IMAGE[:TAG] TARGET_IMAGE[:TAG]`

### :whale: nerdctl rmi

Remove one or more images

Usage: `nerdctl rmi [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE...]`

Flags:

- :nerd_face: `--async`: Asynchronous mode
- :whale: `-f, --force`: Force removal of the image

Unimplemented `docker rmi` flags: `--no-prune`

### :whale: nerdctl image inspect

Display detailed information on one or more images.

Usage: `nerdctl image inspect [OPTIONS] NAME|ID [NAME|ID...]`

Flags:

- :nerd_face: `--mode=(dockercompat|native)`: Inspection mode. "native" produces more information.
- :whale: `--format`: Format the output using the given Go template, e.g, `{{json .}}`
- :nerd_face: `--platform=(amd64|arm64|...)`: Inspect a specific platform

### :whale: nerdctl image history

Show the history of an image.

Usage: `nerdctl history [OPTIONS] IMAGE`

Flags:

- :whale: `--no-trunc`: Don't truncate output
- :whale: `-q, --quiet`: Only display snapshots IDs
- :whale: `--format`: Format the output using the given Go template, e.g, `{{json .}}`
- :whale: `-H, --human`: Print sizes and dates in human readable format (default true)

### :whale: nerdctl image prune

Remove unused images.

Usage: `nerdctl image prune [OPTIONS]`

Flags:

- :whale: `-a, --all`: Remove all unused images, not just dangling ones
- :whale: `-f, --filter`: Filter the images.
  - :whale: `--filter=until=<timestamp>`: Images created before given date formatted timestamps or Go duration strings. Currently does not support Unix timestamps.
  - :whale: `--filter=label<key>=<value>`: Matches images based on the presence of a label alone or a label and a value
- :whale: `-f, --force`: Do not prompt for confirmation

### :nerd_face: nerdctl image convert

Convert an image format.

e.g., `nerdctl image convert --estargz --oci example.com/foo:orig example.com/foo:esgz`

Usage: `nerdctl image convert [OPTIONS] SOURCE_IMAGE[:TAG] TARGET_IMAGE[:TAG]`

Flags:

- `--estargz`                          : convert legacy tar(.gz) layers to eStargz for lazy pulling. Should be used in conjunction with '--oci'
- `--estargz-record-in=<FILE>`         : read `ctr-remote optimize --record-out=<FILE>` record file. :warning: This flag is experimental and subject to change.
- `--estargz-compression-level=<LEVEL>`: eStargz compression level (default: 9)
- `--estargz-chunk-size=<SIZE>`        : eStargz chunk size
- `--estargz-min-chunk-size=<SIZE>` : The minimal number of bytes of data must be written in one gzip stream (requires stargz-snapshotter >= v0.13.0). Useful for creating a smaller eStargz image (refer to [`./stargz.md`](./stargz.md) for details).
- `--estargz-external-toc` : Separate TOC JSON into another image (called \"TOC image\"). The name of TOC image is the original + \"-esgztoc\" suffix. Both eStargz and the TOC image should be pushed to the same registry. (requires stargz-snapshotter >= v0.13.0) Useful for creating a smaller eStargz image (refer to [`./stargz.md`](./stargz.md) for details). :warning: This flag is experimental and subject to change.
- `--estargz-keep-diff-id`: Convert to esgz without changing diffID (cannot be used in conjunction with '--estargz-record-in'. must be specified with '--estargz-external-toc')
- `--zstd`                             : Use zstd compression instead of gzip. Should be used in conjunction with '--oci'
- `--zstd-compression-level=<LEVEL>`   : zstd compression level (default: 3)
- `--zstdchunked`                      : Use zstd compression instead of gzip (a.k.a zstd:chunked). Should be used in conjunction with '--oci'
- `--zstdchunked-record-in=<FILE>` : read `ctr-remote optimize --record-out=<FILE>` record file. :warning: This flag is experimental and subject to change.
- `--zstdchunked-compression-level=<LEVEL>`: zstd:chunked compression level (default: 3)
- `--zstdchunked-chunk-size=<SIZE>`: zstd:chunked chunk size
- `--uncompress`                       : convert tar.gz layers to uncompressed tar layers
- `--oci`                              : convert Docker media types to OCI media types
- `--platform=<PLATFORM>`              : convert content for a specific platform
- `--all-platforms`                    : convert content for all platforms (default: false)
- `--soci`                             : convert content to SOCI image manifest v2
*[**Note**: soci convert uses the default platform if nothing is specified. --platform flag can be used to specify a platform]*
- `--soci-span-size` : Span size in bytes that soci index uses to segment layer data. Default is 4 MiB.
- `--soci-min-layer-size`: Minimum layer size in bytes to build zTOC for. Smaller layers won't have zTOC and not lazy pulled. Default is 10 MiB.


### :nerd_face: nerdctl image encrypt

Encrypt image layers. See [`./ocicrypt.md`](./ocicrypt.md).

Usage: `nerdctl image encrypt [OPTIONS] SOURCE_IMAGE[:TAG] TARGET_IMAGE[:TAG]`

Example:

```bash
openssl genrsa -out mykey.pem
openssl rsa -in mykey.pem -pubout -out mypubkey.pem
nerdctl image encrypt --recipient=jwe:mypubkey.pem --platform=linux/amd64,linux/arm64 foo example.com/foo:encrypted
nerdctl push example.com/foo:encrypted
```

:warning: CAUTION: This command only encrypts image layers, but does NOT encrypt [container configuration such as `Env` and `Cmd`](https://github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/blob/v1.0.1/config.md#example).
To see non-encrypted information, run `nerdctl image inspect --mode=native --platform=PLATFORM example.com/foo:encrypted` .

Flags:

- `--recipient=<RECIPIENT>`      : Recipient of the image is the person who can decrypt (e.g., `jwe:mypubkey.pem`)
- `--dec-recipient=<RECIPIENT>`  : Recipient of the image; used only for PKCS7 and must be an x509 certificate
- `--key=<KEY>[:<PWDDESC>]`      : A secret key's filename and an optional password separated by colon, PWDDESC=<password>|pass:<password>|fd=<file descriptor>|filename
- `--gpg-homedir=<DIR>`          : The GPG homedir to use; by default gpg uses ~/.gnupg
- `--gpg-version=<VERSION>`      : The GPG version ("v1" or "v2"), default will make an educated guess
- `--platform=<PLATFORM>`        : Convert content for a specific platform
- `--all-platforms`              : Convert content for all platforms (default: false)

### :nerd_face: nerdctl image decrypt

Decrypt image layers. See [`./ocicrypt.md`](./ocicrypt.md).

Usage: `nerdctl image decrypt [OPTIONS] SOURCE_IMAGE[:TAG] TARGET_IMAGE[:TAG]`

Example:

```bash
nerdctl pull --unpack=false example.com/foo:encrypted
nerdctl image decrypt --key=mykey.pem example.com/foo:encrypted foo:decrypted
```

Flags:

- `--dec-recipient=<RECIPIENT>`  : Recipient of the image; used only for PKCS7 and must be an x509 certificate
- `--key=<KEY>[:<PWDDESC>]`      : A secret key's filename and an optional password separated by colon, PWDDESC=<password>|pass:<password>|fd=<file descriptor>|filename
- `--gpg-homedir=<DIR>`          : The GPG homedir to use; by default gpg uses ~/.gnupg
- `--gpg-version=<VERSION>`      : The GPG version ("v1" or "v2"), default will make an educated guess
- `--platform=<PLATFORM>`        : Convert content for a specific platform
- `--all-platforms`              : Convert content for all platforms (default: false)

## Checkpoint management

### :whale: nerdctl checkpoint create

Create a checkpoint from a running container.

Usage: `nerdctl checkpoint create [OPTIONS] CONTAINER CHECKPOINT`

Flags:
- :whale: `--leave-running`: Leave the container running after checkpoint
- :whale: `checkpoint-dir`: Use a custom checkpoint storage directory

### :whale: nerdctl checkpoint list

List checkpoints for a container

Usage: `nerdctl checkpoint list/ls [OPTIONS] CONTAINER`

Flags:
- :whale: `checkpoint-dir`: Use a custom checkpoint storage directory

### :whale: nerdctl checkpoint remove

Remove a checkpoint for a container

Usage: `nerdctl checkpoint remove/rm [OPTIONS] CONTAINER CHECKPOINT`

Flags:
- :whale: `checkpoint-dir`: Use a custom checkpoint storage directory

## Manifest management

### :whale: nerdctl manifest annotate

Add additional information to a local image manifest.

Usage: `nerdctl manifest annotate [OPTIONS] INDEX/MANIFESTLIST MANIFEST`

Flags:

- :whale: `--os`: Set operating system (e.g., "linux", "windows", "freebsd")
- :whale: `--arch`: Set architecture (e.g., "amd64", "arm64", "arm")
- :whale: `--os-version`: Set operating system version (e.g., "10.0.19041")
- :whale: `--variant`: Set architecture variant (e.g., "v7", "v8")
- :whale: `--os-features`: Set operating system features (e.g., "win32k")

Examples:

```bash
nerdctl manifest annotate myapp:latest alpine@sha256:eafc1edb577d2e9b458664a15f23ea1c370214193226069eb22921169fc7e43f \
  --os linux --arch arm --variant v7 --os-features feature1,feature2
```

### :whale: nerdctl manifest create

Create a local index/manifest list.

Usage: `nerdctl manifest create [OPTIONS] INDEX/MANIFESTLIST MANIFEST [MANIFEST...]`

Flags:

- `--amend`: Amend the existing index/manifest list
- `--insecure`: Allow communication with an insecure registry

Example:

```bash
nerdctl manifest create myapp:latest alpine@sha256:eafc1edb577d2e9b458664a15f23ea1c370214193226069eb22921169fc7e43f
```

### :whale: nerdctl manifest inspect

Display the contents of a manifest list or manifest.

Usage: `nerdctl manifest inspect [OPTIONS] MANIFEST`

#### Input formats

You can specify the manifest to inspect using one of the following formats:
- **Image name with tag**: `alpine:3.22.1`
- **Image name with digest**: `alpine@sha256:eafc1edb577d2e9b458664a15f23ea1c370214193226069eb22921169fc7e43f`

Flags:

- `--verbose` : Verbose output, show additional info including layers and platform
- `--insecure`: Allow communication with an insecure registry
Example:

```bash
nerdctl manifest inspect alpine:3.22.1
nerdctl manifest inspect alpine@sha256:eafc1edb577d2e9b458664a15f23ea1c370214193226069eb22921169fc7e43f
```

### :whale: nerdctl manifest push

Push a manifest list to a registry.

Usage: `nerdctl manifest push [OPTIONS] INDEX/MANIFESTLIST`

Flags:

- `--insecure`: Allow communication with an insecure registry
- `--purge`: Remove the manifest list after pushing

Examples:

```bash
# Push a manifest list to a registry
nerdctl manifest push myapp:latest
```

### :whale: nerdctl manifest rm

Remove one or more index/manifest lists.

Usage: `nerdctl manifest rm INDEX/MANIFESTLIST [INDEX/MANIFESTLIST...]`

Example:

```bash
nerdctl manifest rm alpine:3.22.1 alpine:3.22.2
```

## Registry

### :whale: nerdctl login

Log in to a container registry.

Usage: `nerdctl login [OPTIONS] [SERVER]`

Flags:

- :whale: `-u, --username`:   Username
- :whale: `-p, --password`:   Password
- :whale: `--password-stdin`: Take the password from stdin

### :whale: nerdctl logout

Log out from a container registry

Usage: `nerdctl logout [SERVER]`

## Network management

### :whale: nerdctl network create

Create a network

:information_source: To isolate CNI bridge, CNI plugins v1.1.0 or later needs to be installed.

Usage: `nerdctl network create [OPTIONS] NETWORK`

Flags:

- :whale: `-d, --driver=(bridge|nat|macvlan|ipvlan)`: Driver to manage the Network
  - :whale: `--driver=bridge`: Default driver for unix
  - :whale: `--driver=macvlan`: Macvlan network driver for unix
  - :whale: `--driver=ipvlan`: IPvlan network driver for unix
  - :whale: `--driver=nat`: Default driver for windows
- :whale: `-o, --opt`: Set driver specific options
  - :whale: `--opt=com.docker.network.driver.mtu=<MTU>`: Set the containers network MTU
  - :nerd_face: `--opt=mtu=<MTU>`: Alias of `--opt=com.docker.network.driver.mtu=<MTU>`
  - :whale: `--opt=com.docker.network.bridge.enable_icc=<true/false>`: Enable or Disable inter-container connectivity
  - :nerd_face: `--opt=icc=<true/false>`: Alias of `--opt=com.docker.network.bridge.enable_icc`
  - :whale: `--opt=macvlan_mode=(bridge)>`: Set macvlan network mode (default: bridge)
  - :whale: `--opt=ipvlan_mode=(l2|l3)`: Set IPvlan network mode (default: l2)
  - :nerd_face: `--opt=mode=(bridge|l2|l3)`: Alias of `--opt=macvlan_mode=(bridge)` and `--opt=ipvlan_mode=(l2|l3)`
  - :whale: `--opt=parent=<INTERFACE>`: Set valid parent interface on host
- :whale: `--ipam-driver=(default|host-local|dhcp)`: IP Address Management Driver
  - :whale: `--ipam-driver=default`: Default IPAM driver
  - :nerd_face: `--ipam-driver=host-local`: Host-local IPAM driver for unix
  - :nerd_face: `--ipam-driver=dhcp`: DHCP IPAM driver for unix, requires root
- :whale: `--ipam-opt`: Set IPAM driver specific options
- :whale: `--subnet`: Subnet in CIDR format that represents a network segment, e.g. "10.5.0.0/16"
- :whale: `--gateway`: Gateway for the master subnet
- :whale: `--ip-range`: Allocate container ip from a sub-range
- :whale: `--label`: Set metadata on a network
- :whale: `--ipv6`: Enable IPv6. Should be used with a valid subnet.
- :whale: `--internal`: Restrict external access to the network.

Unimplemented `docker network create` flags: `--attachable`, `--aux-address`, `--config-from`, `--config-only`, `--ingress`, `--scope`

### :whale: nerdctl network ls

List networks

Usage: `nerdctl network ls [OPTIONS]`

Flags:

- :whale: `-q, --quiet`: Only display network IDs
- :whale: `--format`: Format the output using the given Go template
  - :whale: `--format=table` (default): Table
  - :whale: `--format='{{json .}}'`: JSON
  - :nerd_face: `--format=wide`: Alias of `--format=table`
  - :nerd_face: `--format=json`: Alias of `--format='{{json .}}'`

Unimplemented `docker network ls` flags: `--no-trunc`

### :whale: nerdctl network inspect

Display detailed information on one or more networks

Usage: `nerdctl network inspect [OPTIONS] NETWORK [NETWORK...]`

Flags:

- :whale: `--format`: Format the output using the given Go template, e.g, `{{json .}}`
- :nerd_face: `--mode=(dockercompat|native)`: Inspection mode. "native" produces more information.

Unimplemented `docker network inspect` flags: `--verbose`

### :whale: nerdctl network rm

Remove one or more networks by name or identifier

:warning network removal will fail if there are containers attached to it.

Usage: `nerdctl network rm NETWORK [NETWORK...]`

### :whale: nerdctl network prune

Remove all unused networks

Usage: `nerdctl network prune [OPTIONS]`

Flags:

- :whale: `-f, --force`: Do not prompt for confirmation

Unimplemented `docker network prune` flags: `--filter`

## Volume management

### :whale: nerdctl volume create

Create a volume

Usage: `nerdctl volume create [OPTIONS] [VOLUME]`

Flags:

- :whale: `--label`: Set metadata for a volume

Unimplemented `docker volume create` flags: `--driver`, `--opt`

### :whale: nerdctl volume ls

List volumes

Usage: `nerdctl volume ls [OPTIONS]`

Flags:

- :whale: `-q, --quiet`: Only display volume names
- :whale: `--format`: Format the output using the given Go template
  - :whale: `--format=table` (default): Table
  - :whale: `--format='{{json .}}'`: JSON
  - :nerd_face: `--format=wide`: Alias of `--format=table`
  - :nerd_face: `--format=json`: Alias of `--format='{{json .}}'`
- :nerd_face: `--size`: Display the disk usage of volumes.
- :whale: `-f, --filter`: Filter volumes based on given conditions.
  - :whale: `--filter label=<key>=<value>`: Matches volumes by label on both
      `key` and `value`. If `value` is left empty, matches all volumes with `key`
      regardless of its value
  - :whale: `--filter name=<value>`: Matches all volumes with a name containing
      the `value` string
  - :nerd_face: `--filter "size=<value>"`: Matches all volumes with a size
      meets the `value`. `size` operand can be `>=, <=, >, <, =` and `value` must be
      an integer. Quotes should be used otherwise some shells may treat operand as
      redirections

Following arguments for `--filter` are not supported yet:

1. `--filter=dangling=true`: Filter volumes by dangling
2. `--filter=driver=local`: Filter volumes by driver

### :whale: nerdctl volume inspect

Display detailed information on one or more volumes

Usage: `nerdctl volume inspect [OPTIONS] VOLUME [VOLUME...]`

Flags:

- :whale: `--format`: Format the output using the given Go template, e.g, `{{json .}}`
- :nerd_face: `--size`: Displays disk usage of volume

### :whale: nerdctl volume rm

Remove one or more volumes

Usage: `nerdctl volume rm [OPTIONS] VOLUME [VOLUME...]`

- :whale: `-f, --force`: Force the removal of one or more volumes

### :whale: nerdctl volume prune

Remove all unused local volumes

Usage: `nerdctl volume prune [OPTIONS]`

Flags:

- :whale: `-f, --force`: Do not prompt for confirmation

Unimplemented `docker volume prune` flags: `--filter`

## Namespace management

### :nerd_face: nerdctl namespace create

Create a new namespace.

Usage: `nerdctl namespace create NAMESPACE`
Flags:

- `--label`: Set labels for a namespace

### :nerd_face: nerdctl namespace inspect

Inspect a namespace.

Usage: `nerdctl namespace inspect NAMESPACE`

### :nerd_face: nerdctl namespace ls

List containerd namespaces such as "default", "moby", or "k8s.io".

Usage: `nerdctl namespace ls [OPTIONS]`

Flags:

- `-q, --quiet`: Only display namespace names
- `-f, --format`: Format the output using the given Go template, e.g, `{{json .}}`

### :nerd_face: nerdctl namespace remove

Remove one or more namespaces.

Usage: `nerdctl namespace remove [OPTIONS] NAMESPACE [NAMESPACE...]`

Flags:

- `-c, --cgroup`: delete the namespace's cgroup

### :nerd_face: nerdctl namespace update

Update labels for a namespace.

Usage: `nerdctl namespace update NAMESPACE`

Flags:

- `--label`: Set labels for a namespace

## AppArmor profile management

### :nerd_face: nerdctl apparmor inspect

Display the default AppArmor profile "nerdctl-default". Other profiles cannot be displayed with this command.

Usage: `nerdctl apparmor inspect`

### :nerd_face: nerdctl apparmor load

Load the default AppArmor profile "nerdctl-default". Requires root.

Usage: `nerdctl apparmor load`

### :nerd_face: nerdctl apparmor ls

List the loaded AppArmor profile

Usage: `nerdctl apparmor ls [OPTIONS]`

Flags:

- `-q, --quiet`: Only display volume names
- `--format`: Format the output using the given Go template, e.g, `{{json .}}`

### :nerd_face: nerdctl apparmor unload

Unload an AppArmor profile. The target profile name defaults to "nerdctl-default". Requires root.

Usage: `nerdctl apparmor unload [PROFILE]`

## Builder management

### :whale: nerdctl builder prune

Clean up BuildKit build cache.

:warning: The output format is not compatible with Docker.

Usage: `nerdctl builder prune`

Flags:

- :nerd_face: `--buildkit-host=<BUILDKIT_HOST>`: BuildKit address
- :whale: `--all`: Remove all unused build cache, not just dangling ones
- :whale: `--force`: Do not prompt for confirmation

Unimplemented `docker builder prune` flags: `--filter`, `--keep-storage`

### :nerd_face: nerdctl builder debug

Interactive debugging of Dockerfile using [buildg](https://github.com/ktock/buildg).
Please refer to [`./builder-debug.md`](./builder-debug.md) for details.
This is an [experimental](./experimental.md) feature.

:warning: This command currently doesn't use the host's `buildkitd` daemon but uses the patched version of BuildKit provided by buildg. This should be fixed in the future.

:warning: This command is currently incompatible with `docker buildx debug`.

Usage: `nerdctl builder debug PATH`

Flags:

- :nerd_face: `-f`, `--file`: Name of the Dockerfile
- :nerd_face: `--image`: Image to use for debugging stage
- :nerd_face: `--target`: Set the target build stage to build
- :nerd_face: `--build-arg`: Set build-time variables

## System

### :whale: nerdctl events

Get real time events from the server.

:warning: The output format is not compatible with Docker.

Usage: `nerdctl events [OPTIONS]`

Flags:

- :whale: `--format`: Format the output using the given Go template, e.g, `{{json .}}`
- :whale: `-f, --filter`: Filter containers based on given conditions
  - :whale: `--filter event=<value>`: Event's status. Start is the only supported status.

Unimplemented `docker events` flags: `--since`, `--until`

### :whale: nerdctl info

Display system-wide information

Usage: `nerdctl info [OPTIONS]`

Flags:

- :whale: `-f, --format`: Format the output using the given Go template, e.g, `{{json .}}`
- :nerd_face: `--mode=(dockercompat|native)`: Information mode. "native" produces more information.

### :whale: nerdctl version

Show the nerdctl version information

Usage: `nerdctl version [OPTIONS]`

Flags:

- :whale: `-f, --format`: Format the output using the given Go template, e.g, `{{json .}}`

### :whale: nerdctl system prune

Remove unused data

Usage: `nerdctl system prune [OPTIONS]`

Flags:

- :whale: `-a, --all`: Remove all unused images, not just dangling ones
- :whale: `-f, --force`: Do not prompt for confirmation
- :whale: `--volumes`: Prune volumes

Unimplemented `docker system prune` flags: `--filter`

## Stats

### :whale: nerdctl stats

Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics.

Usage: `nerdctl stats [OPTIONS]`

Flags:

- :whale: `-a, --all`: Show all containers (default shows just running)
- :whale: `--format=FORMAT`: Pretty-print images using a Go template, e.g., `{{json .}}`
- :whale: `--no-stream`: Disable streaming stats and only pull the first result
- :whale: `--no-trunc`: Do not truncate output

### :whale: nerdctl top

Display the running processes of a container.

Usage: `nerdctl top CONTAINER [ps OPTIONS]`

## Shell completion

### :nerd_face: nerdctl completion bash

Generate the autocompletion script for bash.

Usage: add the following line to `~/.bash_profile`:

```bash
source <(nerdctl completion bash)
```

Or run `nerdctl completion bash > /etc/bash_completion.d/nerdctl` as the root.

### :nerd_face: nerdctl completion zsh

Generate the autocompletion script for zsh.

Usage: see `nerdctl completion zsh --help`

### :nerd_face: nerdctl completion fish

Generate the autocompletion script for fish.

Usage: see `nerdctl completion fish --help`

### :nerd_face: nerdctl completion powershell

Generate the autocompletion script for powershell.

Usage: see `nerdctl completion powershell --help`

## Compose

### :whale: nerdctl compose

Compose

Usage: `nerdctl compose [OPTIONS] [COMMAND]`

Flags:

- :whale: `-f, --file`: Specify an alternate compose file
- :whale: `-p, --project-name`: Specify an alternate project name
- :whale: `--project-directory`: Specify an alternate working directory
- :nerd_face: `--ipfs-address`: Multiaddr of IPFS API (default uses `$IPFS_PATH` env variable if defined or local directory `~/.ipfs`)
- :whale: `--profile: Specify a profile to enable
- :whale: `--env-file` : Specify an alternate environment file

### :whale: nerdctl compose up

Create and start containers

Usage: `nerdctl compose up [OPTIONS] [SERVICE...]`

Flags:

- :whale: `--abort-on-container-exit`: Stops all containers if any container was stopped. Incompatible with `-d`.
- :whale: `-d, --detach`: Detached mode: Run containers in the background. Incompatible with `--abort-on-container-exit`.
- :whale: `--no-build`: Don't build an image, even if it's missing.
- :whale: `--no-color`: Produce monochrome output
- :whale: `--no-log-prefix`: Don't print prefix in logs
- :whale: `--build`: Build images before starting containers.
- :nerd_face: `--ipfs`: Build images with pulling base images from IPFS. See [`ipfs.md`](./ipfs.md) for details.
- :whale: `--quiet-pull`: Pull without printing progress information
- :whale: `--scale`: Scale SERVICE to NUM instances. Overrides the `scale` setting in the Compose file if present.
- :whale: `--remove-orphans`: Remove containers for services not defined in the Compose file
- :whale: `--force-recreate`: force Compose to stop and recreate all containers
- :whale: `--no-recreate`: force Compose to reuse existing containers
- :whale: `--pull`: Pull image before running ("always"|"missing"|"never")

Unimplemented `docker-compose up` (V1) flags: `--no-deps`, `--always-recreate-deps`,
`--no-start`, `--attach-dependencies`, `--timeout`, `--renew-anon-volumes`, `--exit-code-from`

Unimplemented `docker compose up` (V2) flags: `--environment`

### :whale: nerdctl compose logs

Show logs of running containers

Usage: `nerdctl compose logs [OPTIONS] [SERVICE...]`

Flags:

- :whale: `--no-color`: Produce monochrome output
- :whale: `--no-log-prefix`: Don't print prefix in logs
- :whale: `-f, --follow`: Follow log output.
- :whale: `--timestamps`: Show timestamps
- :whale: `--tail`: Number of lines to show from the end of the logs

Unimplemented `docker compose logs` (V2) flags:  `--since`, `--until`

### :whale: nerdctl compose build

Build or rebuild services.

Usage: `nerdctl compose build [OPTIONS] [SERVICE...]`

Flags:

- :whale: `--build-arg`: Set build-time variables for services
- :whale: `--no-cache`: Do not use cache when building the image
- :whale: `--progress`: Set type of progress output (auto, plain, tty). Use plain to show container output
- :nerd_face: `--ipfs`: Build images with pulling base images from IPFS. See [`ipfs.md`](./ipfs.md) for details.

Unimplemented `docker-compose build` (V1) flags:  `--compress`, `--force-rm`, `--memory`, `--no-rm`, `--parallel`, `--pull`, `--quiet`

### :whale: nerdctl compose create

Creates containers for one or more services.

Usage: `nerdctl compose create [OPTIONS] [SERVICE...]`

Flags:

- :whale: `--build`: Build images before starting containers
- :whale: `--force-recreate`: Recreate containers even if their configuration and image haven't changed
- :whale: `--no-build`: Don't build an image even if it's missing, conflict with `--build`
- :whale: `--no-recreate`: Don't recreate containers if they exist, conflict with `--force-recreate`
- :whale: `--pull`: Pull images before running. (support always|missing|never) (default "missing")

### :whale: nerdctl compose exec

Execute a command on a running container of the service.

Usage: `nerdctl compose exec [OPTIONS] SERVICE COMMAND [ARGS...]`

Flags:

- :whale: `-d, --detach`: Detached mode: Run the command in background
- :whale: `-e, --env`: Set environment variables
- :whale: `--index`: Set index of the container if the service has multiple instances. (default 1)
- :whale: `-i, --interactive`: Keep STDIN open even if not attached (default true)
- :whale: `--privileged`: Give extended privileges to the command
- :whale: `-t, --tty`: Allocate a pseudo-TTY
- :whale: `-T, --no-TTY`: Disable pseudo-TTY allocation. By default nerdctl compose exec allocates a TTY.
- :whale: `-u, --user`: Username or UID (format: `<name|uid>[:<group|gid>]`)
- :whale: `-w, --workdir`: Working directory inside the container

### :whale: nerdctl compose down

Remove containers and associated resources

Usage: `nerdctl compose down [OPTIONS]`

Flags:

- :whale: `-v, --volumes`: Remove named volumes declared in the volumes section of the Compose file and anonymous volumes attached to containers
- :whale: `--remove-orphans`: Remove containers of services not defined in the Compose file.

Unimplemented `docker-compose down` (V1) flags: `--rmi`, `--timeout`

### :whale: nerdctl compose images

List images used by created containers in services

Usage: `nerdctl compose images [OPTIONS] [SERVICE...]`

Flags:

- :whale: `-q, --quiet`: Only show numeric image IDs
- :whale: `--format`: Format the output. Supported values: [json]

### :whale: nerdctl compose start

Start existing containers for service(s)

Usage: `nerdctl compose start [SERVICE...]`

### :whale: nerdctl compose stop

Stop containers in services without removing them.

Usage: `nerdctl compose stop [OPTIONS] [SERVICE...]`

Flags:

- :whale: `-t, --timeout`: Seconds to wait for stop before killing it (default 10)

### :whale: nerdctl compose port

Print the public port for a port binding of a service container

Usage: `nerdctl compose port [OPTIONS] SERVICE PRIVATE_PORT`

Flags:

- :whale: `--index`: Index of the container if the service has multiple instances. (default 1)
- :whale: `--protocol`: Protocol of the port (tcp|udp) (default "tcp")

### :whale: nerdctl compose ps

List containers of services

Usage: `nerdctl compose ps [OPTIONS] [SERVICE...]`

- :whale: `-a, --all`: Show all containers (default shows just running)
- :whale: `-q, --quiet`: Only display container IDs
- :whale: `--format`: Format the output
  - :whale: `--format=table` (default): Table
  - :whale: `--format=json'`: JSON
- :whale: `-f, --filter`: Filter containers based on given conditions
  - :whale: `--filter status=<value>`: One of `created, running, paused,
    restarting, exited, pausing, unknown`. Note that `removing, dead` are
    not supported and will be ignored
- :whale: `--services`: Print the service names, one per line
- :whale: `--status`: Filter containers by status. Values: [paused | restarting | running | created | exited | pausing | unknown]

### :whale: nerdctl compose pull

Pull service images

Usage: `nerdctl compose pull [OPTIONS] [SERVICE...]`

Flags:

- :whale: `-q, --quiet`: Pull without printing progress information

Unimplemented `docker-compose pull` (V1) flags: `--ignore-pull-failures`, `--parallel`, `--no-parallel`, `include-deps`

### :whale: nerdctl compose push

Push service images

Usage: `nerdctl compose push [OPTIONS] [SERVICE...]`

Unimplemented `docker-compose pull` (V1) flags: `--ignore-push-failures`

### :whale: nerdctl compose pause

Pause all processes within containers of service(s). They can be unpaused with `nerdctl compose unpause`

Usage: `nerdctl compose pause [SERVICE...]`

### :whale: nerdctl compose unpause

Unpause all processes within containers of service(s)

Usage: `nerdctl compose unpause [SERVICE...]`

### :whale: nerdctl compose config

Validate and view the Compose file

Usage: `nerdctl compose config`

Flags:

- :whale: `-q, --quiet`: Pull without printing progress information
- :whale: `--services`: Print the service names, one per line.
- :whale: `--volumes`: Print the volume names, one per line.
- :whale: `--hash="*"`: Print the service config hash, one per line.

Unimplemented `docker-compose config` (V1) flags: `--resolve-image-digests`, `--no-interpolate`

Unimplemented `docker compose config` (V2) flags: `--resolve-image-digests`, `--no-interpolate`, `--format`, `--output`, `--profiles`

### :whale: nerdctl compose cp

Copy files/folders between a service container and the local filesystem

Usage:
```
nerdctl compose cp [OPTIONS] SERVICE:SRC_PATH DEST_PATH|-
nerdctl compose cp [OPTIONS] SRC_PATH|- SERVICE:DEST_PATH [flags]
```

Flags:
- :whale: `--dry-run`: Execute command in dry run mode
- :whale: `-L, --follow-link`: Always follow symbol link in SRC_PATH
- :whale: `--index int`: index of the container if service has multiple replicas

Unimplemented `docker compose cp` flags: `--archive`

### :whale: nerdctl compose kill

Force stop service containers

Usage: `nerdctl compose kill [OPTIONS] [SERVICE...]`

Flags:

- :whale: `-s, --signal`: SIGNAL to send to the container (default: "SIGKILL")

### :whale: nerdctl compose restart

Restart containers of given (or all) services

Usage: `nerdctl compose restart [OPTIONS] [SERVICE...]`

Flags:

- :whale: `-t, --timeout`: Seconds to wait before restarting it (default 10)

### :whale: nerdctl compose rm

Remove stopped service containers

Usage: `nerdctl compose rm [OPTIONS] [SERVICE...]`

Flags:

- :whale: `-f, --force`: Don't prompt for confirmation (different with `-f` in `nerdctl rm` which means force deletion).
- :whale: `-s, --stop`: Stop containers before removing.
- :whale: `-v, --volumes`: Remove anonymous volumes associated with the container.

### :whale: nerdctl compose run

Run a one-off command on a service

Usage: `nerdctl compose run [OPTIONS] SERVICE [COMMAND] [ARGS...]`

Flags:

- :whale: `--build`: Build images before starting containers.
- :whale: `-d, —detach`: Detached mode: Run containers in the background.
- :whale: `--entrypoint`: Overwrite the default ENTRYPOINT of the image.
- :whale: `-e, —env`: Set environment variables.
- :whale: `-i, —interactive`: Keep STDIN open even if not attached (default true).
- :whale: `-l, —label`: Set metadata on container.
- :whale: `--name`: Assign a name to the container.
- :whale: `--no-build`: Don't build an image, even if it's missing.
- :whale: `--no-color`: Produce monochrome output.
- :whale: `--no-deps`: Don't start dependencies.
- :whale: `--no-log-prefix`: Don't print prefix in logs.
- :whale: `--publish`: Publish a container's port(s) to the host.
- :whale: `--quiet-pull`: Pull without printing progress information.
- :whale: `--remove-orphans`: Remove containers for services not defined in the Compose file.
- :whale: `--rm`: Automatically remove the container when it exits.
- :whale: `--service-ports`: Run command with the service's ports enabled and mapped to the host.
- :whale: `-u, —user`: Username or UID (format: <name|uid>[:<group|gid>]).
- :whale: `-v, —volume`: Bind mount a volume.
- :whale: `-w, —workdir`: Working directory inside the container.

Unimplemented `docker-compose run` (V1) flags: `--use-aliases`, `--no-TTY`

Unimplemented `docker compose run` (V2) flags: `--use-aliases`, `--no-TTY`, `--tty`

### :whale: nerdctl compose top

Display the running processes of service containers

Usage: `nerdctl compose top [SERVICES...]`

### :whale: nerdctl compose version

Show the Compose version information (which is the nerdctl version)

Usage: `nerdctl compose version`

Flags:

- :whale: `-f, --format`: Format the output. Values: [pretty | json] (default "pretty")
- :whale: `--short`: Shows only Compose's version number

## IPFS management

P2P image distribution (IPFS) is completely optional. Your host is NOT connected to any P2P network, unless you opt in to [install and run IPFS daemon](https://docs.ipfs.io/install/).

### :nerd_face: nerdctl ipfs registry serve

Serve read-only registry backed by IPFS on localhost.
This is needed to run `nerdctl build` with pulling base images from IPFS.
Other commands (e.g. `nerdctl push ipfs://<image-name>` and `nerdctl pull ipfs://<CID>`) don't require this.

You need to install `ipfs` command on the host.
See [`ipfs.md`](./ipfs.md) for details.

Usage: `nerdctl ipfs registry serve [OPTIONS]`

Flags:

- :nerd_face: `--ipfs-address`: Multiaddr of IPFS API (default is pulled from `$IPFS_PATH/api` file. If `$IPFS_PATH` env var is not present, it defaults to `~/.ipfs`).
- :nerd_face: `--listen-registry`: Address to listen (default `localhost:5050`).
- :nerd_face: `--read-retry-num`: Times to retry query on IPFS (default 0 (no retry))
- :nerd_face: `--read-timeout`: Timeout duration of a read request to IPFS (default 0 (no timeout))

## Global flags

- :nerd_face: `--address`:  containerd address, optionally with "unix://" prefix
- :nerd_face: `-a`, `--host`, `-H`: deprecated aliases of `--address`
- :nerd_face: `--namespace`: containerd namespace
- :nerd_face: `-n`: deprecated alias of `--namespace`
- :nerd_face: `--snapshotter`: containerd snapshotter
- :nerd_face: `--storage-driver`: deprecated alias of `--snapshotter`
- :nerd_face: `--cni-path`: CNI binary path (default: `/opt/cni/bin`) [`$CNI_PATH`]
- :nerd_face: `--cni-netconfpath`: CNI netconf path (default: `/etc/cni/net.d`) [`$NETCONFPATH`]
- :nerd_face: `--data-root`: nerdctl data root, e.g. "/var/lib/nerdctl"
- :nerd_face: `--cgroup-manager=(cgroupfs|systemd|none)`: cgroup manager
  - Default: "systemd" on cgroup v2 (rootful & rootless), "cgroupfs" on v1 rootful, "none" on v1 rootless
- :nerd_face: `--insecure-registry`: skips verifying HTTPS certs, and allows falling back to plain HTTP
- :nerd_face: `--host-gateway-ip`: IP address that the special 'host-gateway' string in --add-host resolves to. It has no effect without setting --add-host
  - Default: the IP address of the host
- :nerd_face: `--userns-remap=<username>:<groupname>`: Support idmapping of containers. This options is only supported on rootful linux for container create and run if a user name and optionally group name is passed, it does idmapping based on the uidmap and gidmap ranges specified in /etc/subuid and /etc/subgid respectively. Note: `--userns-remap` is not supported for building containers. Nerdctl Build doesn't support userns-remap feature. (format: <name|uid>[:<group|gid>])

The global flags can be also specified in `/etc/nerdctl/nerdctl.toml` (rootful) and `~/.config/nerdctl/nerdctl.toml` (rootless).
See [`./config.md`](./config.md).

## Unimplemented Docker commands

Container management:

- `docker diff`

Image:

- `docker trust *` (Instead, nerdctl supports `nerdctl pull --verify=cosign|notation` and `nerdctl push --sign=cosign|notation`. See [`./cosign.md`](./cosign.md) and [`./notation.md`](./notation.md).)

Network management:

- `docker network connect`
- `docker network disconnect`

Registry:

- `docker search`

Compose:

- `docker-compose events|scale`

Others:

- `docker system df`
- `docker context`
- Swarm commands are unimplemented and will not be implemented: `docker swarm|node|service|config|secret|stack *`
- Plugin commands are unimplemented and will not be implemented: `docker plugin *`
